Began the Historical Reflections Project. Filmed interviews with Russian and Americans in Russia and the United States who have participated in important ways in the transition from the end of the Cold War to the beginnings of democratic governance and a free market economy.

Inaugurated the First Benefit Conference week entitled Russian-American Dialogues at Esalen Institute. A highlight was the lecture by Russian scholar Valentin Berezhkov who talked about his personal experiences during World War II. He was Stalin’s interpreter and was present at many of the major meetings of world leaders, including the one in Tehran, with Stalin, Hitler, Roosevelt and Churchill.

Published the first in a series of monographs entitled Future Scenarios On Russian-American Relations. These scenarios highlight the risks and opportunities inherent in possible post Cold War outcomes for Russia and the United States.